Researchers use artificial intelligence to study collision-prone roadways
Could a traffic agency identify a potentially dangerous road intersection without
first witnessing a collision?
Three Kennesaw State University researchers and the Georgia Department of Transportation
(GDOT) are attempting to answer that question as they near completion on a two-year
proof-of-concept study to develop an image-based system for monitoring and assessing
the safety of intersections.
The project, which began in January 2015 and is supported by $180,000 grant from GDOT, is led by Jidong Yang, assistant professor of civil engineering and director of Kennesaw State’s Georgia Pavement and Traffic Research Center; Ying Wang, associate professor of mechatronics engineering; and Chih-Cheng Hung, professor of computer science. Together, they’re developing a software package that uses cameras currently installed at major intersections to extract traffic data in real-time. The data is then logged in a cloud-based database, which can then be used to help GDOT detect, analyze and correct any potential issues that could lead to vehicle accidents.
From left to right: Ying Wang, associate professor of mechatronics engineering; Jidong Yang, assistant professor of civil engineering and director of Kennesaw State’s Georgia Pavement and Traffic Research Center; and Chih-Cheng Hung, professor of computer science.
The software application would supplement or replace the traditional practice of using
historical crash data. Given that wrecks are rare events, Yang said the old method
is somewhat ineffective, leaving potentially dangerous intersections to go unnoticed
until a significant number of wrecks have happened.
“When improving the safety at that location, you can’t wait for an accident to occur. It’s too late,” Yang said, adding that GDOT is taking a more proactive approach by developing a method to monitor intersections before accidents occur.
Recent methods have focused on using surrogate measures for crash data, such as “conflicts,” he added. Conflicts indicate the potential for a crash to occur and can be observed when motorists brake suddenly or swerve to avoid collisions. Because they involve physical contact, crashes can be considered extreme cases of conflicts. Humans can be trained to identify conflicts, but Yang said it’s both costly and unsafe for someone to monitor intersections in person.
“We’re trying to build certain artificial intelligence behind the cameras that can look at the images the same way a human can,” he said. “From those images, we’ll be able to extract and process conflict information automatically. We cannot afford to have people watching video 24 hours a day. We have to somehow automate the process.”
Currently, the researchers are in the process of testing their algorithms. Deep learning,
an approach that gives computer programs a degree of intelligence, will allow the
application to identify road users, such as vehicles, entering the intersection and
track their positions and trajectory through the camera.
The program uses the trajectories extracted from live video to determine the direction
and speed of the vehicles as they approach one another, and then determines the risk
or probability of a collision.
Over time, the application will log conflicts with a time stamp and information pertaining
to the risk of collision.
The proposed system will allow GDOT to react in a proactive manner to correct issues, whether it’s by realigning roadways for improved line of sight, adjusting speed limits for better compliance or by adding additional turn lanes. There may also be room to improve signal timing or to install extra signage or pavement markings for increased visibility.
“It is a totally new way for them to get this knowledge, and it could save many lives,” Wang said.
A leader in innovative teaching and learning, Kennesaw State University offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees to its more than 45,000 students. Kennesaw State is a member of the University System of Georgia with 11 academic colleges. The university’s vibrant campus culture, diverse population, strong global ties and entrepreneurial spirit draw students from throughout the country and the world. Kennesaw State is a Carnegie-designated doctoral research institution (R2), placing it among an elite group of only 7 percent of U.S. colleges and universities with an R1 or R2 status. For more information, visit kennesaw.edu.
